Explore Small Business Finance Topics
Discover our most popular topics for Canadian solopreneurs and small business owners. From income tax and GST/HST to QuickBooks tutorials and managing your business finances, these guides are designed to help you move from financial uncertainty to financial confidence.
Click on any topic and scroll down to see related articles.
📑Canadian Income Tax
Guidance on filing and planning your Canadian taxes, from T1 and T2 returns to instalments
📊Managing Business Finances
From cash flow to pricing and metrics — learn to manage your business finances with confidence.
🏢 Canadian Business Structure
Should you incorporate? Stay informed on sole proprietorships, corporations, and registrations.
💰 GST/HST & QST
Understand how to register, file, and maximize input tax credits while avoiding common mistakes.
🧾 Guides and Tutorials
Practical accounting processes like reconciliations, journal entries, and reporting.
📝 Deductions & Expenses
Learn which expenses are deductible and how to track them for maximum tax savings.
Quebec Taxes & Business
QST, Revenu Québec filings, Quebec payroll, and provincial rules every entrepreneur should know.
👤 Paying Yourself
Salary vs dividends, management fees, and how to pay yourself from your corporation or small business.
💻 QuickBooks Online & Tools
Tutorials, guides and time-saving tips for using QuickBooks Online effectively.
🏦 Money & Personal Finance
Personal finance strategies for entrepreneurs, from RRSPs to saving for taxes.
Should New Business Owners Register for GST/HST?
The Goods and Services Tax or GST is a consumption tax that is charged on most goods and services sold within Canada, regardless of where your business is located. Subject to certain exceptions, all businesses are required to charge GST , currently at 5%, plus applicable provincial sales taxes. A business effectively acts as an agent for Revenue Canada by collecting the taxes and remitting them on a periodic basis. Businesses are also permitted to claim the taxes paid on expenses incurred that relate to their business activities. These are referred to as Input Tax Credits.
Make Your Taxes Easier with this Detailed Checklist
The deadline to file tax returns is quickly approaching, resulting in various degrees anxiety for some taxpayers and accountants. The good news is that the stress can be managed fairly easily with some simple organization techniques. The most effective starting point is to evaluate your tax situation and prepare a checklist of the documentation that you will need with respect to your specific tax situation. A checklist can help to ensure that important items are not overlooked in the rush to put everything together (and, of course, its always satisfying to cross something off the list).
Do you have to charge QST if your business is located outside of Quebec?
Quebec is unique in a number of different ways. This is great if you enjoy exposure to different types of culture and cuisine. It isn’t so great where it comes to tax. Almost every type of tax filing in Quebec requires an additional return, which often has different rules and calculations from the federal tax filings. Quebeckers are resigned to this and fortunately tax software or a good accountant tends to make the management of taxes significantly easier.
Prior to January 1st, 2019 a business, even if they had customers in Quebec, did not have to worry about Quebec based taxes as long as they did not have a physical or significant presence in Quebec. This changed on January 1st, 2019 when Quebec implemented a comprehensive set of rules for businesses located outside of Quebec, that, if they meet certain criteria, are now required to collect and report Quebec Sales Tax (QST or TVQ) on sales made in Quebec.
How to Stay on Top of Your Tax Obligations
As an accountant I frequently receive panicked calls from business owners who have received ominous letters from the tax authorities requesting that overdue tax returns be immediately filed. Others receive notices of assessments for estimated taxes payable if they have an overdue tax return. Revenue Quebec, particularly will often send corporations or individuals assessment for several thousand dollars to scare people into filing their returns. In more extreme circumstances, the tax authorities have the power to freeze your bank accounts or initiate tax audits. This can be debilitating to a small business.
Frequently Asked Questions About GST/HST By Business Owners
For those of you who are starting a new business, it is essential to know your tax obligations. Every business owner must report their net profits on a either their personal tax return if they are unincorporated or a corporation tax return if they are incorporated.
In addition to income tax, it is essential to consider whether or not you should register and collect GST/HST and provincial sales taxes. There are a variety of questions around this topic:
Guidance on Filing the RL1 Summary and CNESST Salary Declarations
The first important year end deadline for corporations, with employees, is the end of February. Salary declarations including T4 and RL1 (in Quebec) slips and summaries have to be filed with CRA and RQ. While there are numerous payroll software that handle the filing of the T4 and RL1 slips, the RL1 summary is usually left to the employer (and/or their accountants) to file. While a T4 summary is not specifically required if slips are filed electronically, an RL1 summary regardless of the method of filing the RL1 slips i.e. manually or electronically. Additionally, employers in Quebec also have to prepare a year end declaration for CNESST which is Quebec version of workers compensation. As someone who has filed numerous slips, declarations and summaries for clients over the years, I have enumerated some tips on preparing these documents::
Guidance on Registering for Payroll and Remitting Source Deductions
There comes a time for many small business owners when they decide that they need to hire employees. This is usually an excellent sign as it means a) the business is growing and b) the small business owner has learned to delegate. It also means that additional paperwork needs to be filled out and additional taxes need to be paid. The simplest option when deciding to augment your workforce is to have the new worker invoice the business, based on hours worked or some other formula. Unfortunately, there are very specific rules as to who qualifies as a self employed contractor. Essentially, if your have someone that works full time, has little flexibility with respect to the hours that they work and you provide the tools such as a desk/office, computer etc, then there is a good chance that the tax authorities will classify them as an employee. In this case, where your worker is clearly an employee, you must register for payroll, pay them a salary and submit regular, periodic payroll reports and payments to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). As usual, if you live in Quebec, you must submit to Revenue Quebec (MRQ) as well.
How to Calculate CPP/QPP Contributions If You Are Self Employed
When you are self-employed, you are essentially taking on the role of employer and employee. As such self-employed individuals are required to remit both portions of the CPP or QPP to Revenue Canada or Revenue Quebec respectively, which is calculated on your earnings for the year. This only applies to unincorporated business who declare business income as part of their personal tax return (T1)
Information on Filing T4s/RL-1s and T4As for Small Business Owners
When I was employee, I never really gave much thought to the T4 (and the Quebec equivalent RL-1) process. I knew that sometime around February an envelope would appear on my desk with a tax document which I would need to reflect on my tax return. I suppose I thought that someone, somewhere pressed a button and the T4s were generated. When I became a small business accountant, who was now either responsible for preparing this information or providing guidance to my clients, I realized that the process was somewhat more complicated.
Tax Return Checklist for Individuals and Unincorporated Business Owners
The deadline to file tax returns is starting to loom large, resulting in anxiety for some individuals and small business owners. The good news is that the stress can be managed fairly easily with some simple organization techniques. The best starting point is to evaluate your tax situation and prepare a checklist of all the documentation that you will need with respect to your specific tax situation. A checklist can help reduce (or eliminate) important items that might get forgotten in the rush to put everything together (and its always satisfying to cross something off the list). I have compiled a list of some of the more common income, deductions and credits that the majority of taxpayers are likely to have:
Quebec’s Small Business Tax Deduction and How It Relates to Payroll Hours
Revenue Quebec, in the March 2017 budget (or economic plan as they like to call it) decided that a small business wasn’t a small business for the purposes of the tax deduction, unless a minimum number of payroll hours was worked by employees of the business. Initially they had wanted to impose a minimum number of 3 full time employees to qualify for the deduction, however, after realizing that many businesses had several part time employees during the year, they changed the requirement to a minimum number of hours worked to 5,500 hours per year. This could be a combination of full time and part time employees. Consequently, many businesses that had qualified for the small business tax rate were no longer eligible.
Quebec Parental Benefits for Self Employed Workers
In Canada parental benefits are administered by Service Canada. Since they fall under the EI program, self employed workers must opt in tothe EI plan for self employed individuals to receive benefits. In Quebec however, unlike the rest of Canada (a common theme with Quebec), parental benefits are administered by the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), which does not specifically require opt in. Instead all workers in Quebec whether self employed or employees are required to pay premiums, based (similar to QPP) on their insurable earnings. For the self employed, premiums are payable at a rate of 0.86% upto maximum insurable earnings of $62,000, and are reflected in your annual tax return. As such all workers in Quebec are eligible for Parental Benefits.
What to Do When your Tax Obligations are Overdue
What Happened to Quebec Property Tax Refund?/ Preparing the RL31 and the solidarity tax credit
UPDATE: Beginning with the year ended December 31, 2015 landlords are required to provide tenants with an RL 31 slip which indicates the name of the tenant, the number of tenants at a particular address as well as the address of the tenant. Each individual listed on the lease must be issued an RL 31. Deadline for filing the form is February 28th following the year of residence and is only issued to tenants living at a particular dwelling December 31, 2019. The forms can be filed online through Revenue Quebec and is a fairly straightforward process. Failure to file the form by the landlord can result in a penalty. The form is then required to be used by the tenant to claim the portion of the solidarity tax credit relating to residence.
For Quebec taxpayers who have been trying to locate their RL-4 slips, the slip that your landlord usually provides, or the part on the tax forms or software where you would enter your property taxes (Schedule B), be advised that as of 2011, that this is no longer a specific tax credit. Prior to 2011, both property owners and renters could claim a portion of property taxes paid. This reduced income taxes payable for taxpayers whose total family income was under approximately $50k
